Although a decision has been taken to allow Maronites to
return to their homes in two villages in the north, no substantial steps have
been taken
By Esra Aygin
Despite a decision almost eighteen months ago, the return of
Maronites to their villages in the north has been stuck in limbo due to a lack
of political will on the part of Turkish Cypriot officials.
Maronites, whose ancestors migrated to Cyprus from
present-day Lebanon during the Middle Ages, lived in four villages before 1974.
Two of these villages, Ayia Marina and Asomatos, are under the control of the
Turkish army and are totally off limits. There are some military lodgements in
Karpasha but the village is not under military control. The fourth Maronite village,
Kormakitis has been open to its original Maronite residents to resettle since
2003. At the moment, a total of around 200 Maronites, mostly pensioners, live
in Kormakitis and Karpasha.
In July 2017, Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci
announced that Maronites, who are in full communion with the Catholic Church of
Rome, would be allowed to return to all their villages. The decision was taken
during a high-level meeting with representatives of the ruling coalition,
civilian and military authorities and the Turkish embassy, and a committee for
the ‘Maronite villages resettlement project’ was established to study physical,
financial and legal aspects. An amount of about 8.5 million Turkish lira (about
€1.5 million) in the 2018 budget was allocated for the resettlement project.
However, despite statements every now and then by various
Turkish Cypriot officials that a plan for the return of Maronites would soon be
unveiled, there has so far been no progress.
In response a to a question during a recent TV interview,
Akinci’s undersecretary Gurdal Hudaoglu blamed the financial crisis and stated
that the ruling coalition had conveyed to them “that the allocated amount could
not be used for the Maronite resettlement project.”
The devaluation of the Turkish lira against foreign
currencies has had a big impact on the Turkish Cypriot economy and led the
ruling coalition to take a number of austerity measures.
Serdar Denktas, who is responsible for the finance dossier,
however, denied that the problem is financial. “The allocated amount is there,”
he said. “But a decision by the Council of Ministers and a project is needed so
that it can be released.”
Nobody knows who is responsible for preparing this project
with officials passing the buck from one to the other. An official from the
ruling coalition told the Sunday Mail that the committee established under
Akinci’s office should be preparing a project, while a member of that committee
said they need a political decision to go forward.
“All the technical studies and reports are ready,” said the
member of the committee for the Maronite villages resettlement project,
speaking on condition of anonymity. “Now, there is need for high-level
political decisions on a number of issues including what the status of the
returning Maronites will be. Will they become Turkish Cypriot citizens? Will
they just have permanent residence? Will they have the same status as the
Maronites living in Kormakitis? Will they be able to elect their own local
representatives? All these questions require political decisions, which will
determine the course of action.”
The question of who will make those political decisions also
remains unanswered.
“This is a total collective incompetence,” said senior
researcher Mete Hatay from the PRIO Cyprus Centre, who has done extensive
research on Maronites and their struggle since 2003 to return to their
villages. “Nobody is taking on the responsibility to push forward with this
decision. Everyone is hiding behind the other’s back. They are not even able to
come out and transparently state what the problem preventing the Maronites’
return is. Turkey is okay with the decision, the military is ready to withdraw
from the villages, but somehow, Turkish Cypriot officials are not moving.”
Besides incompetence, there are some “absurd” concerns
expressed by a number of Turkish Cypriot bureaucrats, Hatay added, such as how
to deal with the return of many Maronites who are married to Greek Cypriots.
“This is total nonsense,” said Hatay. “Anyone who is from
these Maronite villages should be allowed to return. What is the threat that
will arise from a couple of hundred of peaceful Maronites and their families?”
The Turkish military has stated that it is ready to withdraw
from Ayia Marina and Asomatos as long as it is given an alternative location,
according to Hatay. This information was also confirmed by the member of the
committee for the Maronite villages resettlement project.
Among the four Maronite villages, Ayia Marina was unique in
that it was a mixed Maronite – Turkish Cypriot village. The Turkish Cypriots of
the village have joined the Maronites in the struggle to return to Ayia Marina.
Turkish Cypriot Mehmet Hoca from the village recently posted on his social
media account about his disappointment. “We have not been able to make the
tiniest progress,” wrote Hoca. “Despite high-level decisions, somehow the
return of Maronites is being prevented.”
“The Turkish Cypriots assured us that the decision is there
and that there are no disagreements about the return of Maronites,” a Maronite
source said. “But we are still waiting for substantial steps to be taken.”
An official from the Turkish Cypriot coalition told the
Sunday Mail that a total of 10 million Turkish lira (about €1.7 million) in the
2019 budget, which is currently being prepared, has again been allocated for
the Maronite villages resettlement project.
The Maronite population in Cyprus, which is estimated to be
around 4,000, is on the verge of extinction. Their identity is gradually fading
away as they have been living scattered all over the island since 1974. Their
return is seen as a move that could protect the existence of this community and
revive its ancient language, which is a variety of Arabic.
“Unless these people return to their villages, we will
become the accomplices of a historic ethnic cleansing,” warned Hatay. “This
will be the end of the 1,200-year Maronite presence in Cyprus.”
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